Looking for unique Japanese New Year Traditions? Writer, Noel Cabacungan visited his sister who lives there to learn of the different customs and traditions that make New Year's in Japan special and fascinating.
Japanese New Year Traditions
My father and I flew to Japan to spend Christmas and New Year with my sister and her family in Kawagoe last year.
And while the absence of fireworks on new year's eve threw me off my senses, the fascinating Japanese New Year traditions more than made up for the sudden change in the celebrations.
The welcoming of the New Year in Japan involves deep cleansing, resolute silence, symbolic food, and the welcoming of the gods.
1. Oosouji – The Big Clean-Up
The Japanese believe in the importance of welcoming the new year with a clean slate. A few days before the year ends, major house cleaning happens in every household.
This is the perfect time to clean the light fixtures, furniture, and heavy appliances usually untouched during regular house cleanings.
The same is true among commercial establishments.
Merchants take this opportunity to clear old inventory by offering fukubukuro or lucky bags.
The number of items stuffed on the mystery grab bags is usually worth more than 50% of the original shelf price.
Visit your favorite shops to avail of these surprise goodies if you would not mind the long lines.
2. Joya no Kane – The Only Desirable Noise on New Year's Eve
While noisemakers are an integral part of new year's eve celebrations in many parts of the world, the Japanese extremely discourage any form of noise-making on New Year's Eve.
In fact, the police are busy patrolling their localities at this time of the year to maintain peace and silence.
“Joya no Kane” is the only desirable loud sound on New Year's Eve.
It is a Buddhist tradition of banging the temple bell 108 times to welcome the new year.
This practice originated from the belief that there are 108 types of unnecessary emotions (Bonno) in the world such as anger, grudge, and discord, among others.
Buddhist monks alternately strike the bell from 11:00 p.m., with the final strike coinciding with the New Year, signifying the need to leave those emotions behind.
Fireworks are big in Japan during the summer but not on New Year's Eve.
Having said that, there are a lot of commercialized or westernized districts in Japan where one may experience the New Year's Eve fireworks and countdown parties.
Roppongi and Shibuya in Tokyo are two of the most popular ones.
3. Shimekazari, Kadomatsu, and Kagami-mochi – Japanese New Year Ornaments
Traditionally, people in Japan start displaying shimekazari and kadomatsu charms on the latter part of December but I already started noticing a few as early as our arrival in Japan on December third.
What is a Shimekazari?
A shimekazari is a wreath made of straw rope, Shinto ritual paper strips, bitter oranges, and fern leaves.
People hang these ornaments on doors to ward off evil spirits and, at the same time, invite the New Year deity.
Kadomatsu Explained
Kadomatsu, literally “pine gate,” are pairs of ornaments that people place on both sides of the house or store entrances to invite the god of harvest and other ancestral deities.
These are made of pine branches, bamboo stems, and plum tree twigs fashioned in the style of ikebana, the Japanese art of flower arrangement.
Kagami-Mochi
Kagami-mochi or “mirror rice cakes” is a stack of two round rice cakes (the smaller on top of the larger) and a bitter orange with a leaf still attached.
Displaying them inside the house invokes the gods to protect the house from burning in the coming year.
The availability of plastic replicas in stores and supermarkets makes it a popular option for many households compared to hand-made ones.
All these ornaments remain on display until the 7th of January, the day when the new year deity is believed to depart from their new year visit.
4. Toshikoshi Soba, Osechi Ryori, and Ozoni – Traditional Japanese Food to Welcome the New Year
Toshikoshi soba is a simple dish of buckwheat noodles consumed as the last meal of the year.
The long strands of noodles symbolize the wish for long life, while the firmness to the bite and ease of cutting of soba is associated with the intent to “break off the year” with ease.
This is why it has to be the last meal of the year and must never be eaten at midnight as it invites bad luck when you “break off the year” but pass it over to the new year.
Again, coming from a place where the new year is welcomed with extravagant meals, partaking in the Toshi Koshi-soba tradition elicits a major culture clash.
Especially when there is an elegant multi-tiered box of food waiting, but must remain untouched, at the center table.
Osechi Ryori
Osechi Ryori is a set of small servings of various Japanese dishes contained in three to four layers of bento box known as jubako.
It is placed in the middle of the table on new year's eve but only to be served to the whole family on the first meal of the new year (in our case, late brunch).
Each dish contained in the jubako represents a particular wish for the new year — salmon roe for healthy babies, date maki for academic excellence, and sliced lotus roots for good foresight, among others.
Other Traditional Japanese New Year Dish – Ozoni
Another dish served on the first day of the new year is the Ozoni. It is a soup with slices of rice cakes and other local produce.
The dish is also associated with the idea of “starting the year with a clean slate” being a dish prepared with a single pot.
Japanese traditions entail avoidance of heavy works during the first few days of the new year and following that goal, Ozoni is a dish that is only prepared once and can be served for up to several days by just reheating.
Hatsuhinode – First Sunrise of the Year
The Japanese are fond of celebrating the first activities during the new year — first meal, the first sound of the bell, the first dream of the year.
It is believed that the appreciation of the firsts in all these things will eventually lead to a better fortune.
Including the first sunrise of the year, Hatsuhinode.
People in Japan get out of bed very early in the morning to catch the first sunrise of the year.
Who wouldn't want to experience the glory of the sun peeking through the mountains or clouds?
But more than anything, Hatsuhinode represents new hope and spiritual renewal for the new year.
We were discussing going for Hatsuhinode in a nearby park but, us being us, we woke up just in time for brunch.
No greeting the first sunrise of the new year for us.
Hatsumode – First Shrine Visit of the Year
Hatsumode is the first visit to a shrine in the new year.
All members of the family come together to visit a shrine to pray to the deities for spiritual blessings and good fortune.
Shrines are usually very crowded during the first three days but the visits may continue up to the seventh day, the new year deity's departure.
For someone who finds joy in seeing a thick crowd for as long as I do not have to be part of a queue, Hatsumode instantly became my favorite of all the Japanese New Year traditions.
We intended to visit the Kawagoe Hikawa Shrine but because of the thick crowd and full parking space, we visited the Kitain Temple instead.
Hatsumode is usually done in Shinto shrines but visiting a Buddhist temple is allowed, too.
Omamori and Omikuji – Good Luck Charms and Fortune Lottery
Acquisitions of good luck charms called omamori are also popular during the first seven days of the new year.
Simultaneously, major shrines and temples collect old charms from the previous year for the ceremonial burning.
A year of bad luck awaits those who keep old charms for another year.
Omikuji or fortune lottery are fortune-telling papers found in shrines and temples all over Japan. If the fortune you received is a good one, keep in for the rest of the year.
Otherwise, tie it at the shrine or temple so you won't have to carry the bad luck throughout the year.
At the Kawagoe Hikawa Shrine, a Shinto shrine in Kawagoe where a family of five deities resides, there is a more popular way to acquire a fortune lottery.
Aitai mikuji is a form of fortune-telling by fishing red paper seabreams containing your fortune.
And since you're receiving a fortune form the deities of love, getting good luck increases your chance of encountering THE ONE.
These are the popular Japanese traditions practiced in observance of the new year.
They may have originated from common principles but the practice varies widely across regions.
Similarly, there are a few other traditions that are not popular throughout Japan but are particular to some regions and family traditions.
Happy New Year
I'm leaving you with a video of Shishimai, a traditional lion dance performed to bring good luck in the year ahead.
Watch it Now!
Akemashite omedetou gozaimasu! That means “Happy New Year” in Japanese.
If the dancing lion approaches you, bow down and let it bite you in the head for good luck!
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Photo Credit: Tanakawho Flickr
Arabh Sharma says
Make this New Year Evening fantastic with your favorite people. Happy New Year in advance.
Deepa Kashyap says
Thank you so much for sharing this useful information about New Year Celebrate.
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Midhun says
Japan culture and traditions are totally different and nice.its new for me, after reading this blog i had a wish to celebrate a new year in japan.I am waiting for those days.Thanks for such a nice article.
Arabh Sharma says
Celebrate this New Year’s Eve Bash with Grand New Year Party on 31st December.
Arabh Sharma says
Thanks for share Japanese New Year Traditions.
Milano says
They really seem to know how to celebrate new years! I hope I get to go there sometime.
Zahid Shekh says
Japan is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean with dense cities, I love to go there on my next holiday.
Jenny says
Wow! There is so much information here about Japanese traditions. Loved that you have taken the effort to explain even the smallest thing in detail. Thank you so much for sharing this article. Splendid work!
Dipak jadhav says
Nice information about the japan new cultures and traditions given. Loved it absolutely. Superb article. Keep it going.
Bella Marin says
love japan and Japanese new year. The food and celebration is so unique! Thanks for sharing